CZTS solar cells on graphite without Mo-coated glass substrate

Abstract The use of graphite substrates has been demonstrated in thin-film Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) solar cells and can serve as alternative electrodes for next-generation, cells. From the early stages CZTS development, Mo-coated composed copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), sulfur (S) have employed stability at high temperature. However, Mo become a rare metal recent years; correspondingly, there are potential risk supply shortages depletion problems. We focus herein on an electrode substrate owing to its versatility low cost. precursor was prepared by radiofrequency sputtering. Subsequently, NaF deposited using E-B vapor deposition method control Na composition ratio. films were obtained gas-phase sulfurization 898 K 1 h. with MgF /Al/AZO/CdS/CZTS/graphite structure prepared, their characteristics evaluated. J–V measurement 20 nm thick yielded η = 2.37%, V oc 543 mV, J sc 10.7 mA cm −2 , FF 40.8%. These results suggest that realizing cost